Cultura y Educación

High inflation negatively affects firms and households in a variety of ways, including by eroding real incomes and by widening inequality. Central banks responded by tightening monetary policy stances significantly. This has naturally constrained demand through rising borrowing costs and smaller credit flows to the real economy. The negative impact on economic activity and growth is a standard feature of tightening, yet it deserve to be closely monitored. Four papers were prepared by the ECON Committee’s Monetary Expert Panel, discussing how the real economy is impacted by high inflation and monetary tightening. This document was provided by the Economic Governance and EMU Scrutiny Unit at the request of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs (ECON) ahead of the Monetary Dialogue with the ECB President on 5 June 2023.

The 2023 Justice Scoreboard provides data on the established three key elements of effective national justice systems: efficiency, quality, and independence. In response to the current need for more comparative information for the annual Rule of Law Report, and in the context of the newly adopted proposal for a Directive on combating corruption, this year’s edition also contains new indicators on the efficiency of first instance criminal courts in bribery cases, on the appointment of national supreme court judges and prosecutors general, as well as on the bodies involved in the prevention and repression of corruption. The 2023 Scoreboard further develops the indicators for all three aspects, including on accessibility to justice for persons at risk of discrimination and older persons, and again on the digitalisation of justice, which has played a crucial role in keeping the courts functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic and supporting their recovery in its aftermath, as well as more generally, to promote efficient and accessible justice systems. This edition of the Justice Scoreboard strengthens the business dimension on all three aspects by including new data on efficiency in the area of the fight against corruption, an updated chart on the legal safeguards in relation to administrative decisions and continues to present the data on the confidence in investment protection.

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