Derecho

We document the structure of firm-bank relationships across eleven euro area countries and present new stylised facts using data from the Eurosystem credit registry – AnaCredit. We look at the number of banking relationships, reliance on the main bank, credit instruments, loan maturity, and interest rates. Firms in Southern Europe borrow from more banks and obtain a lower share of credit from the main bank than those in Northern Europe. They also tend to borrow more on short term, more expensive instruments and to obtain loans with shorter maturity. This is consistent with the hypothesis that firms in Southern Europe rely less on relationship banking and obtain credit less conducive to firm growth, in line with their smaller average size. Relationship lending does not translate in lower rates, possibly because banks appropriate part of the surplus generated by relationship lending through higher rates.

Safety and health at work is everyone’s concern. It’s good for you. It’s good for business.

The transition to an environmentally sustainable, circular and climate-neutral economy has significant social, economic and employment impacts. Ensuring that all citizens obtain the necessary knowledge, competences, skills and attitudes to cope with these changes is vital to a socially-just transformation of the EU. Vocational education and training (VET) has a key role to play to help young people and adults develop skills so they can thrive in their careers and lives. The European Education Area Working Group on VET and the Green Transition enables technical exchanges and contributions to help countries implement the principles and objectives of the Council Recommendation on vocational education and training, and the Osnabrück Declaration. As part of its mandate, this Working Group has collected a set of inspiring practices from across Europe, presented in a Compendium. These are the key lessons from those practices.

The Greater North Sea is a semi enclosed basin, situated on the continental shelf of north-west Europe. Its Southern part is very prone to eutrophication, as it receives most of the run-offs and is relatively isolated from the direct influence of the Atlantic waters. We aim here to assess the impact of a reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus loads originating from coastal discharges by performing numerical modelling experiments. The configuration used is the 5km ocean model GETM (General Estuarine Transport Model) coupled with ERSEM (European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model). The GREEN (Geospatial Regression Equation for European Nutrient losses) hydrological model provided nutrients loads. After a 30 years spinup, 16 sensitivity experiments have been integrated from 2010 to 2015. The nitrogen and phosphorus discharges have been independently set to 20, 50, 80 and 100 % of the original nutrient load. We analysed the mean levels of several criteria of the descriptor D5 related to Eutrophication.

HERA seeks to address what role flexible, multi-technology EU manufacturing and process innovation capacity can play to facilitate surge manufacturing capacity and improve the EU’s access to both vaccines and therapeutics. The report explores the role of manufacturing flexibility in creating manufacturing capacities, evaluating the scientific, engineering, legal and economic aspects, and compares the potential implementation options, including public-private partnerships, capacity reservation contracts, and advance purchase agreements (APAs). Responding to the complex threat landscape of serious cross-border threats to health requires strengthening the EU’s preparedness and response. The report recommends direct capacity reservation agreements with EU-based manufacturers as the most suitable option for HERA, and specifically reservation of flexible product-agnostic manufacturing capacities for key technology platforms in both vaccines and therapeutics, partnering with two manufacturers for each platform where this can be economically done to ensure dual sourcing that mitigates supplier risks.

La base de datos de estadísticas de género del Instituto Europeo de la Igualdad de Género (EIGE) contiene una amplia gama de estadísticas de toda la Unión Europea (UE) y fuera de ella. La base de datos reúne datos recopilados por el EIGE y datos elaborados tanto por instituciones internacionales como nacionales para ofrecer un punto de acceso central a cualquier persona interesada en datos con una dimensión de género