{"id":78014,"date":"2021-08-20T03:00:11","date_gmt":"2021-08-20T01:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/?p=78014"},"modified":"2021-09-09T09:09:27","modified_gmt":"2021-09-09T07:09:27","slug":"lying-in-plain-sight-clay-tablet-revealed-as-oldest-example-of-complex-geometry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/en\/lying-in-plain-sight-clay-tablet-revealed-as-oldest-example-of-complex-geometry\/","title":{"rendered":"Lying in plain sight, clay tablet revealed as oldest example of complex geometry"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"c-teaser\"><strong>Australian mathematician discovers applied geometry on ancient tablet.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"container-fluid\">\n<div class=\"row c-article__below-teaser\">\n<div class=\"c-article__domains col-12 col-md-auto ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"c-article__domains-icons ng-star-inserted\">\n<div class=\"c-domain-icon c-domain-icon--text\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/430547.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-78015 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/430547.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/430547.jpg 1287w, https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/430547-300x227.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/430547-1024x776.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/430547-768x582.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a9 UNSW Sydney<\/p>\n<p class=\"c-article__text\">There it was, nestled snuggly at the Istanbul Archaeological Museum for over 100 years after it was unearthed in the 19th century in the ancient Babylonian city Sippar (present-day Iraq). Who knew what secrets the artefact had kept all these years? According to research published in the journal <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007%2Fs10699-021-09806-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u2018Foundations of Science\u2019<\/a>, the clay tablet known as Si.427 contains the earliest example of complex geometry. Dating back 3 700 years, the hand tablet was created by a Babylonian surveyor who wrote on it with a stylus.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<h3 class=\"c-article__title\">Altering the history of mathematics?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"c-article__text\">Judging by the time period, the Babylonians were using Pythagorean ideas long before the Greek philosopher Pythagoras. Apparently, trigonometry didn\u2019t begin up there in the sky with the Greeks, but with the Babylonians down on the ground. \u201cThe discovery and analysis of the tablet have important implications for the history of mathematics,\u201d commented lead researcher Dr Daniel Mansfield from the University of New South Wales in Australia in a <a href=\"https:\/\/news.unsw.edu.au\/en\/australian-mathematician-reveals-oldest-applied-geometry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news release<\/a>. \u201cFor instance, this is over a thousand years before Pythagoras was born.\u201d The land surveyor applied advanced mathematics to make boundary lines. Specifically, he used a type of trigonometry now known as Pythagorean triples to create accurate right angles. It marks the first time Babylonians used theoretical understanding of geometry to work out practical problems. They were way ahead of their time.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ng-star-inserted\">\n<h3 class=\"c-article__title\">All about a piece of land that\u2019s being sold<\/h3>\n<p class=\"c-article__text\">\u201cSi.427 dates from the Old Babylonian (OB) period \u2013 1900 to 1600 BCE,\u201d explained Dr Mansfield. \u201cIt\u2019s the only known example of a cadastral document from the OB period, which is a plan used by surveyors to define land boundaries. In this case, it tells us legal and geometric details about a field that\u2019s split after some of it was sold off.\u201d \u201cWith this new tablet, we can actually see for the first time why they were interested in geometry: to lay down precise land boundaries,\u201d Dr Mansfield added. \u201cThis is from a period where land is starting to become private \u2013 people started thinking about land in terms of \u2018my land and your land\u2019, wanting to establish a proper boundary to have positive neighbourly relationships. And this is what this tablet immediately says. It\u2019s a field being split, and new boundaries are made.\u201d \u201cMuch like we would today, you\u2019ve got private individuals trying to figure out where their land boundaries are, and the surveyor comes out but instead of using a piece of GPS equipment, they use Pythagorean triples,\u201d Dr Mansfield told <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2021\/aug\/05\/australian-mathematician-discovers-applied-geometry-engraved-on-3700-year-old-tablet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u2018The Guardian\u2019<\/a>. \u201cOnce you understand what Pythagorean triples are, your society has reached a particular level of mathematical sophistication.\u201d \u201cNow that we know what problem the Babylonians were solving, that recolours all the mathematical tablets from this period,\u201d concluded Dr Mansfield. \u201cYou see mathematics being developed to address the needs of the time.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3>More information<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/article\/id\/430547-lying-in-plain-sight-clay-tablet-revealed-as-oldest-example-of-complex-geometry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CORDIS<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Australian mathematician discovers applied geometry on ancient tablet. \u00a9 UNSW Sydney There it was, nestled snuggly at the Istanbul Archaeological Museum for over 100 years after it was unearthed in the 19th century in the ancient Babylonian city Sippar (present-day Iraq). Who knew what secrets the artefact had kept all these years? According to research [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101011,"featured_media":78015,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[346,4082],"tags":[2558,4108,2788],"class_list":{"0":"post-78014","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-eu-news","8":"category-research-innovation","9":"tag-cordis","10":"tag-geometry","11":"tag-news","12":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Lying in plain sight, clay tablet revealed as oldest example of complex geometry | CDE Almer\u00eda - Centro de Documentaci\u00f3n Europea - Universidad de Almer\u00eda<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/en\/lying-in-plain-sight-clay-tablet-revealed-as-oldest-example-of-complex-geometry\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lying in plain sight, clay tablet revealed as oldest example of complex geometry | CDE Almer\u00eda - Centro de Documentaci\u00f3n Europea - Universidad de Almer\u00eda\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Australian mathematician discovers applied geometry on ancient tablet. \u00a9 UNSW Sydney There it was, nestled snuggly at the Istanbul Archaeological Museum for over 100 years after it was unearthed in the 19th century in the ancient Babylonian city Sippar (present-day Iraq). 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