{"id":26653,"date":"2019-10-05T03:00:21","date_gmt":"2019-10-05T01:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/?p=26653"},"modified":"2019-10-04T10:45:35","modified_gmt":"2019-10-04T08:45:35","slug":"traditional-beer-brewing-hops-horticultural-heritage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/en\/traditional-beer-brewing-hops-horticultural-heritage\/","title":{"rendered":"Traditional beer brewing: hop\u2019s horticultural heritage"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em><strong>With today\u2019s craft beer movement, the origins of beer culture come more and more to the fore.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Cerveza.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-26649 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Cerveza-300x186.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"186\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Cerveza-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Cerveza.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>As interest in traditional recipes and forgotten brewing practices rises, ingredients such as hops gain new attention. Hops are one of Europe\u2019s traditional crops, and are responsible for a beer\u2019s distinctive bitterness and aroma.<\/p>\n<h3>Background<\/h3>\n<p>Beer was one of the most common medieval beverages: it had far less alcohol than today\u2019s beers, was used for meals such as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beer_soup\">beer soup<\/a>\u00a0and became known as liquid bread, consumed by both adults and children.\u00a0Before the Middle Ages, beer was mostly brewed with grains. But, because of hops\u2019 antibacterial effects, beer brewed with hops kept longer and protected against infection better.<\/p>\n<p>The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hallertau\">Hallertau region<\/a>\u00a0in Germany was the first known place where hops were cultivated in the 8th century. During the High and Late Middle Ages, growing and processing hops spread across the continent, first in Central and Western Europe, later also in countries such as Denmark, Sweden and Norway.<\/p>\n<p>Hops\u2019 flowers\u2019 use in brewing beer was the reason for its worldwide cultivation in hop gardens from the 11th century on. Hops can grow up to 30cm a day. Farmers planted seeds in rows, winding the shoots around long wooden bars anchored deep in the soil. (Today, these have been replaced by long strings and wires.) Hops reach seven to nine metres, grown vertically so it gets sunlight.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">For centuries, hops needed to be picked by hand. The harvest in late August and September was especially labour-intensive. Men removed the long bars from the soil, cut off the tendrils and carried them to farmsteads, where other family members and older people sorted the flowers from the leaves.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>For the harvest season, people often migrated to hop-growing regions. For example in England, whole families from London or industrial cities such as Birmingham went to rural areas, living there for some weeks. Until the 20th century, it was common that children worked in the hops harvest \u2013 both in the fields in harvesting and in picking the flowers.<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>The flowers were laid out to dry and ranked every day in hop houses. After the hops were put in large bags of up to 50 kilograms, agencies\u00a0collected them from locals growers and sold them at hop markets. These were important trading places for brewers as the variety and quality was crucial for their product\u2019s success. Many former hop markets are today important heritage sites, such as the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hop_Exchange\">Hop Exchange<\/a>\u00a0in London.<\/p>\n<p>Hops were harvested in this way until the agrarian revolution. In 1909, a mechanical hops separator machine was invented.<\/p>\n<p>After World War II, growing hops whether privately or commercially, diminished due to competing markets in the US. Hop growing has always been risky: the plants need a lot of care, and quality and quantity varies a lot due to climate.<\/p>\n<p>till, the craft beer movement and smaller breweries cater for a demand for diverse beer tastes and mix up the market. Hops are now chosen not just for their yield, but for taste. Since 2012, the number of varieties in use has grown from 180 to 250. Small breweries in many European countries now focus on craft instead of quantity.<\/p>\n<p>In this way, hop growing, an original European tradition, has gone from local to global and back.<\/p>\n<h3>More information<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.europeana.eu\/2019\/08\/traditional-beer-brewing-hops-horticultural-heritage\/\">Eruopeana-Complete article<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pro.europeana.eu\/person\/larissa-borck\">Larissa Borck<\/a>, Swedish National Heritage Board<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With today\u2019s craft beer movement, the origins of beer culture come more and more to the fore. As interest in traditional recipes and forgotten brewing practices rises, ingredients such as hops gain new attention. Hops are one of Europe\u2019s traditional crops, and are responsible for a beer\u2019s distinctive bitterness and aroma. Background Beer was one [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26651,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[346],"tags":[527,679],"class_list":{"0":"post-26653","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-eu-news","8":"tag-culture","9":"tag-heritage","10":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Traditional beer brewing: hop\u2019s horticultural heritage | CDE Almer\u00eda - Centro de Documentaci\u00f3n Europea - Universidad de Almer\u00eda<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/en\/traditional-beer-brewing-hops-horticultural-heritage\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Traditional beer brewing: hop\u2019s horticultural heritage | CDE Almer\u00eda - Centro de Documentaci\u00f3n Europea - Universidad de Almer\u00eda\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"With today\u2019s craft beer movement, the origins of beer culture come more and more to the fore. As interest in traditional recipes and forgotten brewing practices rises, ingredients such as hops gain new attention. Hops are one of Europe\u2019s traditional crops, and are responsible for a beer\u2019s distinctive bitterness and aroma. 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