{"id":151731,"date":"2024-05-27T03:00:09","date_gmt":"2024-05-27T01:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/?p=151731"},"modified":"2024-05-24T13:33:27","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T11:33:27","slug":"european-commission-fines-mondelez-maker-of-milka-and-oreo-e337-5m-for-restrictions-on-cross-border-trade","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/en\/european-commission-fines-mondelez-maker-of-milka-and-oreo-e337-5m-for-restrictions-on-cross-border-trade\/","title":{"rendered":"European Commission fines Mondel\u0113z, maker of Milka and Oreo, \u20ac337.5m for restrictions on cross-border trade"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The European Commission has fined Mondel\u0113z International, Inc. (<strong>Mondel\u0113z)<\/strong>\u00a0\u20ac337.5 million for hindering the cross-border trade of chocolate, biscuits and coffee products between Member States, in breach of EU competition rules. The Commission remains committed to bringing down unjustified barriers to ensure a better functioning of the Single Market. Territorial supply constraints by suppliers are a type of non-regulatory barriers to a proper functioning of the Single Market.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/milk-2006449_1280.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-151736\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/milk-2006449_1280.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/milk-2006449_1280.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/milk-2006449_1280-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/milk-2006449_1280-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/milk-2006449_1280-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>The infringement<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Mondel\u0113z<\/strong>, headquartered in the US, is\u00a0one of the world&#8217;s largest producers of chocolate and biscuit products. Its portfolio includes well-known chocolate and biscuit brands such as\u00a0<em>C\u00f4te d&#8217;Or, Milka, Oreo, Ritz, Toblerone\u00a0<\/em>and<em>\u00a0TUC<\/em>\u00a0and until 2015 coffee brands such as\u00a0<em>HAG, Jacobs\u00a0<\/em>and<em>\u00a0Velours Noir<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The Commission&#8217;s investigation found that\u00a0Mondel\u0113z\u00a0breached EU competition rules: (i) by engaging in\u00a0<strong>anticompetitive agreements or concerted practices<\/strong>\u00a0aimed at restricting cross-border trade of various chocolate, biscuit and coffee products; and (ii) by abusing its\u00a0<strong>dominant position<\/strong>\u00a0in certain national markets for the sale of chocolate tablets.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In particular, the Commission found that\u00a0Mondel\u0113z engaged in\u00a0<strong>twenty-two anticompetitive agreements or concerted practices<\/strong>,<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>in breach of Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (\u2018TFEU&#8217;),<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>by:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Limiting the territories or customers to which seven wholesale customers (traders\/\u201cbrokers\u201d) could resell<\/strong>\u00a0Mondel\u0113z&#8217; products. One agreement also included a provision ordering Mondel\u0113z&#8217; customer to apply higher prices for exports compared to domestic sales. These agreements and concerted practices took place between 2012 and 2019 and covered all EU markets.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Preventing\u00a0<\/strong>ten\u00a0<strong>exclusive distributors active in certain Member States from replying to sale requests from customers located in other Member States\u00a0<\/strong>without prior permission from Mondel\u0113z. These agreements and practices took place between 2006 and 2020 and covered all the EU markets.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The Commission also found that, between 2015 and 2019,\u00a0<strong>Mondel\u0113z<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>abused its dominant position,\u00a0<\/strong>in breach of Article 102 of the TFEU, by:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Refusing to supply<\/strong>\u00a0a broker in Germany to prevent the resale of chocolate tablet products in the territories of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria and Romania where prices were higher.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Ceasing\u00a0the supply of chocolate tablet products<\/strong>\u00a0in the Netherlands to prevent them from being imported into Belgium, where Mondel\u0113z was selling these products at higher prices.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The Commission concluded that Mondel\u0113z&#8217;s illegal practices\u00a0prevented retailers from being able to freely source products in Member States with lower prices and\u00a0<strong>artificially partitioned the internal market<\/strong>. Mondel\u0113z&#8217; aim was to avoid that\u00a0cross-border trade would lead to price decreases in countries with higher prices. Such illegal practices allowed Mondel\u0113z to continue charging more for its own products, to the ultimate detriment of consumers in the EU.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/mondelez_2024_infographic_en.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-151732 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/mondelez_2024_infographic_en.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/mondelez_2024_infographic_en.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/mondelez_2024_infographic_en-300x158.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Fine<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The fine was set on the basis of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=CELEX%3A52006XC0901%2801%29\">Commission&#8217;s 2006 Guidelines on fines<\/a>\u00a0(see\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/IP_06_857\">press release<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/MEMO_06_256\">MEMO<\/a>).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In setting the level of the fine, the Commission took into account the gravity and duration of the infringements as well as the value of Mondel\u0113z&#8217; sales relating to the latter.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">In addition, the Commission took into account the fact that Mondel\u0113z cooperated with the Commission under the cooperation procedure and expressly acknowledged its liability for the infringement of EU competition rules. Therefore, the Commission granted Mondel\u0113z a 15% fine reduction.\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Based on this methodology, the Commission imposed a \u20ac337.5 million fine on Mondel\u0113z.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Background<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Traders and retailers try to procure products in the internal market where the prices are lower and trade them to markets where prices are higher. This generally leads to price decreases in countries where prices are higher. Restrictions to such parallel trade can lead to the isolation of a national market whereby the manufacturer or supplier can charge higher prices to the detriment of consumers. They can also lead to less product diversity. Therefore, restrictions to parallel trade amount to non-regulatory barriers to a better functioning of the Single Market and are among the most serious restrictions of competition. In the Transition Pathway for the Retail ecosystem published in March 2024, the Commission proposed to initiate a dialogue between the stakeholders concerned, i.e., international suppliers of branded products, retailers and consumers, to try to find solutions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">As part of its own-initiative investigation of suspected anticompetitive practices covering the EU, in November 2019 the Commission carried out unannounced inspections at the premises of Mondel\u0113z in Austria, Belgium and Germany. The Commission opened formal proceedings in \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/pt\/ip_21_281\">January 2021<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:12008E101:EN:HTML\">Article 101<\/a>\u00a0of the TFEU prohibits anticompetitive agreements and concerted practices between undertakings that affect trade between Member States and that have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the internal market.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=CELEX:12008E102\">Article 102<\/a>\u00a0of the TFEU prohibits the abuse of a dominant position that may affect trade within the EU and prevent or restrict competition. The implementation of these provisions is defined in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/en\/ALL\/?uri=CELEX:32003R0001\">Regulation No 1\/2003<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The cooperation procedure is inspired by the well-established cartel settlements procedure and concerns situations outside cartels where companies are willing to acknowledge their liability for an infringement of the EU competition rules (including the facts and legal qualification). In addition, companies can voluntarily provide or clarify evidence or help in the design and implementation of remedies. The cooperation framework allows the Commission to apply a simpler procedure and the cooperating companies to obtain a reduction in fines. The Commission assesses on a case-by-case basis whether a case would be suitable for cooperation, taking into account the probability of reaching a common understanding with the company within a reasonable timeframe. There is neither a right nor an obligation for companies to pursue the cooperation path.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Fines imposed on companies found in breach of EU antitrust rules are paid into the general EU budget. These proceeds are not earmarked for particular expenses, but Member States&#8217; contributions to the EU budget for the following year are reduced accordingly. The fines therefore help to finance the EU and reduce the burden for taxpayers.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9988%; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: double; border-color: #001f7d;\" cellpadding=\"0,5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/en\/action-against-20-airlines-for-misleading-greenwashing-practices\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/pexels-pixabay-47044.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"201\" height=\"134\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/en\/action-against-20-airlines-for-misleading-greenwashing-practices\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Action against 20 airlines for misleading greenwashing practices<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Action for damages<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Any person or company affected by anticompetitive behaviour as described in this case may bring the matter before the courts of the Member States and seek damages. The case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/ALL\/?uri=CELEX:32003R0001\">Council Regulation 1\/2003<\/a>\u00a0both confirm that in cases before national courts, a Commission decision that has become final constitutes binding proof that the behaviour took place and was illegal. Even though the Commission has fined the cartel participants concerned, damages may be awarded by national courts without being reduced on account of the Commission fine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2014.349.01.0001.01.ENG\">Antitrust Damages Directive<\/a>\u00a0makes it\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/IP_14_1580\">easier for victims of anticompetitive practices to obtain damages<\/a>. More information on antitrust damages actions, including a practical guide on how to quantify antitrust harm, is available\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/competition-policy.ec.europa.eu\/antitrust-and-cartels_en\">here<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>Whistleblower tool<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">The Commission has set up by a tool to make it easier for individuals to alert it about anticompetitive behaviour while maintaining their anonymity. The tool protects whistleblowers&#8217; anonymity through a specifically designed encrypted messaging system that allows two-way communications. The tool is accessible via this\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/competition-policy.ec.europa.eu\/index\/whistleblower_en\">link<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>For More Information<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">More information on the decision will be available on the Commission&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/competition-policy.ec.europa.eu\/index_en\">competition website<\/a>\u00a0in the public\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/competition-cases.ec.europa.eu\/search\">case register<\/a>\u00a0under the case number AT.40632 once any confidentiality issues have been resolved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\"><strong>More information:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_24_2727\">European Commission<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The European Commission has fined Mondel\u0113z International, Inc. (Mondel\u0113z)\u00a0\u20ac337.5 million for hindering the cross-border trade of chocolate, biscuits and coffee products between Member States, in breach of EU competition rules. The Commission remains committed to bringing down unjustified barriers to ensure a better functioning of the Single Market. Territorial supply constraints by suppliers are a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101011,"featured_media":151736,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[346,4064,4089,4080,4079,4088,4066],"tags":[12309,12301,12308,779,1488,5305,12305,12306,12300,12298,12299,12302,462,12303,12304,12307],"class_list":{"0":"post-151731","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-eu-news","8":"category-institutional","9":"category-international-trade","10":"category-jurisprudence","11":"category-law","12":"category-market","13":"category-state-members","14":"tag-competition-defense","15":"tag-cote-dor","16":"tag-cross-border-trade","17":"tag-eu-en","18":"tag-european-commission","19":"tag-fine","20":"tag-hag","21":"tag-jacobs","22":"tag-milka","23":"tag-mondelez","24":"tag-oreo","25":"tag-ritz","26":"tag-single-market","27":"tag-toblerone","28":"tag-tuc","29":"tag-velours-noir","30":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>European Commission fines Mondel\u0113z, maker of Milka and Oreo, \u20ac337.5m for restrictions on cross-border trade | CDE Almer\u00eda - Centro de Documentaci\u00f3n Europea - Universidad de Almer\u00eda<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/?p=151746\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"European Commission fines Mondel\u0113z, maker of Milka and Oreo, \u20ac337.5m for restrictions on cross-border trade | CDE Almer\u00eda - Centro de Documentaci\u00f3n Europea - Universidad de Almer\u00eda\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The European Commission has fined Mondel\u0113z International, Inc. (Mondel\u0113z)\u00a0\u20ac337.5 million for hindering the cross-border trade of chocolate, biscuits and coffee products between Member States, in breach of EU competition rules. The Commission remains committed to bringing down unjustified barriers to ensure a better functioning of the Single Market. 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