{"id":139022,"date":"2023-09-07T03:00:17","date_gmt":"2023-09-07T01:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/?p=139022"},"modified":"2023-09-06T14:22:37","modified_gmt":"2023-09-06T12:22:37","slug":"the-european-commission-has-designated-six-gatekeepers-alphabet-amazon-apple-bytedance-meta-microsoft-under-the-digital-markets-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/en\/the-european-commission-has-designated-six-gatekeepers-alphabet-amazon-apple-bytedance-meta-microsoft-under-the-digital-markets-act\/","title":{"rendered":"The European Commission has designated six gatekeepers\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta, Microsoft\u00a0&#8211; under the\u00a0Digital Markets Act"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The European Commission has today designated, for the first time, six\u00a0<strong>gatekeepers<\/strong>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<strong>Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta, Microsoft\u00a0<\/strong>&#8211; under the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu\/index_en\">Digital Markets Act<\/a>\u00a0(DMA). In total, 22 core platform services provided by gatekeepers have been designated. The six gatekeepers will now have six months to ensure full compliance with the DMA obligations for each of their designated core platform services.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/computer-1185637_1920-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-113587\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/computer-1185637_1920-1.jpg\" alt=\"manos sobre ordenador\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/computer-1185637_1920-1.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/computer-1185637_1920-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/computer-1185637_1920-1-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/computer-1185637_1920-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/computer-1185637_1920-1-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Under the DMA, the European Commission can designate digital platforms as \u2018gatekeepers&#8217; if they provide an important gateway between businesses and consumers in relation to core platform services. Today&#8217;s designation decisions follow a 45-day review process conducted by the Commission after the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu\/potential-gatekeepers-notified-commission-and-provided-relevant-information-2023-07-04_enmailto:https:\/\/digital-markets-act.ec.europa.eu\/potential-gatekeepers-notified-commission-and-provided-relevant-information-2023-07-04_en\">notification<\/a>\u00a0by Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta, Microsoft and Samsung<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>of their potential status as gatekeepers. In particular, the Commission has established\u00a0<strong>gatekeeper status with respect to the following specific core platform services<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/gatekeepers.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-139019\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/gatekeepers.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1066\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/gatekeepers.png 1066w, https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/gatekeepers-300x166.png 300w, https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/gatekeepers-1024x566.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/gatekeepers-768x424.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1066px) 100vw, 1066px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In parallel, the Commission has opened<strong>\u00a0four market investigations<\/strong>\u00a0to further assess Microsoft&#8217;s and Apple&#8217;s submissions arguing that, despite meeting the thresholds, some of their core platform services do not qualify as gateways:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Microsoft: Bing, Edge and Microsoft Advertising<\/li>\n<li>Apple: iMessage<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Under the DMA, these investigations aim to ascertain whether a sufficiently substantiated rebuttal presented by the companies, demonstrate that services in question should not be designated. The investigation should be completed within a maximum of 5 months.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In addition, the Commission has opened\u00a0<strong>a market investigation<\/strong>\u00a0to further assess whether Apple&#8217;s iPadOS should be designated as gatekeeper, despite not meeting the thresholds. Under the DMA, this investigation should be completed within a maximum of 12 months.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In addition, the Commission has concluded that, although Gmail, Outlook.com and Samsung Internet Browser meet the thresholds under the DMA to qualify as a gatekeeper, Alphabet, Microsoft and Samsung provided sufficiently justified arguments showing that these services do not qualify as gateways for the respective core platform services. Therefore, the Commission decided\u00a0<strong>not to designate Gmail, Outlook.com and Samsung Internet Browser as core platform services.<\/strong>\u00a0It follows that Samsung is not designated as gatekeeper with respect to any core platform service.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.9988%; border-collapse: collapse; border-style: double; border-color: #001f7d;\" cellpadding=\"0,5\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 100%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/en-vigor-la-ley-de-mercados-digitales\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/campaign-creators-pypeCEaJeZY-unsplash-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"201\" height=\"134\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/en-vigor-la-ley-de-mercados-digitales\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">En vigor la Ley de Mercados Digitales de la Uni\u00f3n Europea<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Next steps for designated gatekeepers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Following their designation, gatekeepers now have six months to comply with the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/strategy-and-policy\/priorities-2019-2024\/europe-fit-digital-age\/digital-markets-act-ensuring-fair-and-open-digital-markets_en\">full list of do&#8217;s and don&#8217;ts<\/a>\u00a0under the DMA, offering more choice and more freedom to end users and business users of the gatekeepers&#8217; services. However, some of the obligations will start applying as of designation, for example, the obligation to inform the Commission of any intended concentration. It is for the designated companies to ensure and demonstrate effective compliance. To this end, they have \u00a06 months to submit a detailed compliance report in which they outline how they comply with each of the obligations of the DMA.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The Commission will monitor the effective implementation of and compliance with these obligations. In case a gatekeeper does not comply with the obligations laid down by the DMA, the Commission can impose\u00a0<strong>fines<\/strong>\u00a0up to 10% of the company&#8217;s total worldwide turnover, which can go up to 20% in case of repeated infringement. In case of systematic infringements, the Commission is also empowered to adopt\u00a0<strong>additional remedies<\/strong>\u00a0such as obliging a gatekeeper to sell a business or parts of it or banning the gatekeeper from acquisitions of additional services related to the systemic non-compliance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In the future, additional companies could submit notifications to the Commission under the DMA, based on their self-assessment with respect to the relevant thresholds. In this context, the Commission maintains constructive discussions with all relevant companies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>More information: <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/es\/ip_23_4328\">European Commission<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The European Commission has today designated, for the first time, six\u00a0gatekeepers\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta, Microsoft\u00a0&#8211; under the\u00a0Digital Markets Act\u00a0(DMA). In total, 22 core platform services provided by gatekeepers have been designated. The six gatekeepers will now have six months to ensure full compliance with the DMA obligations for each of their designated core platform [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":111279,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[346,4079,4081],"tags":[10034,5766,2094,10035,4680,1488,10033,6323,6326],"class_list":{"0":"post-139022","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-eu-news","8":"category-law","9":"category-legislation","10":"tag-alphabet-en","11":"tag-amazon-en","12":"tag-apple","13":"tag-bytedance-en","14":"tag-digital-markets-act-en","15":"tag-european-commission","16":"tag-gatekeeper","17":"tag-meta-en","18":"tag-microsoft-en","19":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The European Commission has designated six gatekeepers\u00a0-\u00a0Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta, Microsoft\u00a0- under the\u00a0Digital Markets Act | CDE Almer\u00eda - Centro de Documentaci\u00f3n Europea - Universidad de Almer\u00eda<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/?p=139018\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The European Commission has designated six gatekeepers\u00a0-\u00a0Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta, Microsoft\u00a0- under the\u00a0Digital Markets Act | CDE Almer\u00eda - Centro de Documentaci\u00f3n Europea - Universidad de Almer\u00eda\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The European Commission has today designated, for the first time, six\u00a0gatekeepers\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Alphabet, Amazon, Apple, ByteDance, Meta, Microsoft\u00a0&#8211; under the\u00a0Digital Markets Act\u00a0(DMA). 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