{"id":128887,"date":"2023-01-19T09:35:15","date_gmt":"2023-01-19T08:35:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/?p=128887"},"modified":"2023-01-19T09:35:15","modified_gmt":"2023-01-19T08:35:15","slug":"why-is-ice-slippery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/en\/why-is-ice-slippery\/","title":{"rendered":"Why is ice slippery?"},"content":{"rendered":"

In freezing weather, ice causes many a traveller to come unstuck. But as experimental physicist Robin Ras explains, getting to grips with what makes ice so slippery isn\u2019t easy.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Whether you\u2019re gliding serenely across an ice rink, or awkwardly down a footpath, the frictionless surface offered by ice can often be surprising. What makes it this way is still something of a mystery. \u201cIce formation is a very complex process with no definitive consensus as to what is really going on,\u201d explains Ras, a professor of Soft Matter Physics at Finland\u2019s Aalto University<\/a>. \u201cThere\u2019s a lot happening from the microscopic to the macroscopic scales, each requiring specialist study equipment.\u201d Knowing the properties of ice is not enough \u2013 there is the confounding factor of water\u2019s unique transformational ability, as it shifts between solid, liquid and gas. What\u2019s more, water is weird: unlike most liquids, it expands as it freezes, a property that allows solid water \u2013 from icebergs to ice cubes \u2013 to float in liquid water.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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What beer can teach us about ice<\/h3>\n

To understand ice, we first need to clear up some misconceptions. Most of us will remember from school physics that water freezes at its melting point of zero degrees centigrade. Not quite, says Ras. \u201cYou can add pure liquid water to a plastic bottle, put it in your freezer, take it out a few days later and pour it out, because water can remain liquid at temperatures down to -35 \u00b0C, a state called supercooled<\/a>,\u201d he explains. The reason is that ice needs nucleation sites to form \u2013 tiny particles such as minerals, dirt or a rough surface in the container wall. \u201cAnyone who has ever drunk Duvel beer from a Duvel beer glass will know that at the bottom of the glass<\/a>, bubbles form like those that rise from deep-sea vents. This is thanks to nucleation at the rough engraved glass surface,\u201d says Ras.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Machine learning unlocks ice core climate clues<\/p>\n

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Facing down the interface<\/h3>\n

The next point to make is that a surface can only be said to be slippery when something comes into contact with it. It seems that rather than becoming a victim of the slipperiness, this interface actually causes it. It was only recently that the mechanism responsible was outlined in detail: the friction generated by the contact between a boot and patch of ice creates a thin, slick layer of interfacial water<\/a> on top of the ice. More viscous than normal water, and one hundredth the thickness of a strand of hair, it has friction properties between liquid and solid. Other research<\/a> has found that water molecules at this interface are weakly bonded compared to ice, and so can freely move around \u2013 a bit like gas. \u201cThe water molecules seem to function a bit like ball bearings, allowing things to travel across the ice\u2019s surface easily, sometimes too easily,\u201d elaborates Ras. The third key ingredient for slipperiness is speed. When the object travelling over the ice does so at speed, the interface friction and pressure generate more heat, acerbating the production of interfacial water. Without which, ice skating would look quite a lot less \u2026 fluid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Embracing slipperiness<\/h3>\n

Ice\u2019s slipperiness helped inspire Ras\u2019s European Research Council<\/a> supported project, SuperRepel<\/a>. His team developed a surface coating to repel a range of substances, from dust to snow. \u201cOnce treated with our coating, currently the most durable water-repellent in existence, the resulting hydrophobic surfaces will be easier to keep dry, clean and bacteria-free,\u201d adds Ras. Their methodology won the team the Anton Paar Research Award<\/a>. They are currently exploring a range of possible applications, from wind turbine blades to skis and packaging materials. \u201cWe got this far thanks to our interest in how water droplets behave. This has given us the expertise to now look more closely at ice, and other phenomena such as fogging, which could benefit a range of industries from aerospace to automotive,\u201d notes Ras. All the better to protect us from chilly weather. As winter bites, let\u2019s hope he gets his skates on.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Source: CORDIS<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In freezing weather, ice causes many a traveller to come unstuck. But as experimental physicist Robin Ras explains, getting to grips with what makes ice so slippery isn\u2019t easy. Whether you\u2019re gliding serenely across an ice rink, or awkwardly down a footpath, the frictionless surface offered by ice can often be surprising. What makes it […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":128884,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[346,4082],"tags":[8238,6539,8236,8235,8237,8239,4878,613],"class_list":{"0":"post-128887","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-eu-news","8":"category-research-innovation","9":"tag-friction","10":"tag-ice","11":"tag-molecules","12":"tag-nucleation","13":"tag-slippery","14":"tag-superrepel-en","15":"tag-temperature","16":"tag-water","17":"entry"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWhy is ice slippery? | CDE Almer\u00eda - Centro de Documentaci\u00f3n Europea - Universidad de Almer\u00eda<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cde.ual.es\/en\/why-is-ice-slippery\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why is ice slippery? | CDE Almer\u00eda - Centro de Documentaci\u00f3n Europea - Universidad de Almer\u00eda\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In freezing weather, ice causes many a traveller to come unstuck. 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But as experimental physicist Robin Ras explains, getting to grips with what makes ice so slippery isn\u2019t easy. Whether you\u2019re gliding serenely across an ice rink, or awkwardly down a footpath, the frictionless surface offered by ice can often be surprising. 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